Top Liver Specialist in Erode – Dr. Hemamala, Hepatologist

Fatty Liver Disease—also called hepatic steatosis—develops when excess fat accumulates in the liver cells. Over time, this buildup can trigger inflammation, leading to liver cell injury and scarring. In advanced stages, the scarring may progress to liver failure if not managed properly.

There are two main types: Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (AFLD), caused by heavy alcohol consumption, and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), which occurs in individuals who drink little to no alcohol.

Often, fatty liver disease shows no noticeable symptoms, but some people may experience fatigue or a dull ache in the upper right abdomen. The cornerstone of treatment lies in lifestyle changes—maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and managing weight. When detected early and managed well, fatty liver disease is often reversible, allowing the liver to heal and function normally again.

Hepatitis refers to inflammation of the liver — a condition that can arise from several causes, though viral infections remain the most common trigger. Other factors such as autoimmune reactions, long-term alcohol use, certain medications, or exposure to toxic substances can also damage the liver and lead to hepatitis. 

There are five primary viral types — Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E — each caused by a distinct virus and differing in transmission and severity. In autoimmune hepatitis, the body’s own immune system mistakenly attacks healthy liver cells, leading to ongoing inflammation.

Treatment approaches vary based on the specific virus involved and whether the infection is acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term). Vaccination remains one of the most effective defenses against several hepatitis viruses, and reducing exposure to potential sources of infection plays a key role in prevention. 

Cirrhosis is a progressive liver disease marked by extensive scarring that gradually impairs the liver’s ability to function. In its early stages, cirrhosis often develops silently, showing few or no symptoms. As the condition advances, signs such as fatigue, swelling, or jaundice may begin to appear. Because the scar tissue that forms cannot be undone, treatment primarily aims to control symptoms, slow disease progression, and protect the remaining healthy liver tissue from further harm. 

Acute Liver Failure occurs when the liver suddenly loses its ability to carry out essential metabolic activities. This rapid decline in function can lead to jaundice, abdominal discomfort, swelling in the legs, dark-colored urine, nausea, and vomiting. Because the condition progresses quickly, immediate medical care is critical. Treatment may involve targeted medications to address the root cause, but in severe cases, a liver transplant may be required to restore proper function and save the patient’s life.

Liver Cancer develops when abnormal cells in the liver begin to grow uncontrollably, forming malignant tumours. The most prevalent form is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which originates in the primary liver cells known as hepatocytes. Less common types include intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and hepatoblastoma. The treatment approach depends on several factors, including the type, stage, and spread of the cancer, as well as the patient’s overall liver health and medical condition.