Liver Biopsy in Chennai

Liver Biopsy in Chennai Explained

Liver biopsy is known as a medical procedure in which a small sample of liver tissue is extracted for examination in a lab under an advanced microscope to detect signs of liver damage or disease. Doctors typically prescribe Liver biopsy when blood work or imaging suggests potential liver issues. It also helps assess the progression of liver disease, assisting in treatment decisions.

The most widely performed method for Liver biopsy procedure is a percutaneous liver biopsy, in which a thin needle is inserted through the abdomen to collect the liver tissue. The second most widely used option, known as a transjugular biopsy, involves gaining access to the liver through a vein in the neck. A third option, called a laparoscopic biopsy, is carried out by inserting instruments through a small incision in the abdomen.

Why is a Liver Biopsy Performed?

A liver biopsy serves several important purposes in diagnosing and managing liver conditions.

It helps identify the underlying cause of liver issues when physical exams, blood tests, or imaging scans fail to provide clear answers.

It can also collect tissue samples from abnormalities detected through imaging. Additionally, a biopsy assesses the seriousness of liver disease, a process known as staging, which guides treatment planning.

It helps determine the effectiveness of ongoing treatments and is also used to monitor liver health after a transplant.

Your doctor will suggest a liver biopsy if you have unexplained abnormal liver test results or if imaging scans reveal a tumor or other abnormalities in the liver.

This procedure is majorly conducted to evaluate and diagnose the severity of different types of liver conditions, including:

NAFLD – Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Chronic hepatitis B or C
Liver cirrhosis
Hemochromatosis
Autoimmune hepatitis
Primary biliary cholangitis
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Wilson’s disease

A liver biopsy helps in providing crucial information that assists doctors to guide, diagnose, treat, and manage the disease.

Types of Liver Biopsy Procedures

Liver biopsies are performed using different techniques based on a patient’s condition and medical needs. Each method assists to obtain critical liver tissue samples for diagnosing various liver diseases.

1. Percutaneous Liver Biopsy

A percutaneous liver biopsy is a usually performed procedure where a thin needle is carefully inserted through the skin going into the liver for collecting a small tissue sample. This particular sample is finally examined or checked under an advanced microscope to determine liver ailments such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, or cancer of the liver. It is a widely preferred method because it is minimally invasive and gives valuable insights of the overall health of the liver. While mild discomfort or bruising at the biopsy site is possible, the procedure plays a significant role in diagnosing and managing liver diseases effectively.

2. Transjugular Liver Biopsy

When a percutaneous biopsy poses risks—such as in patients with bleeding disorders or fluid buildup in the abdomen—a transjugular liver biopsy may be recommended. Within this method, a thin tube is inserted through a vein in the neck and guided into the liver’s vein to acquire tissue samples.

Since this approach minimizes bleeding risks, it is often used for patients with clotting issues or those who are overweight. After the biopsy, patients may need to rest flat for a few hours to prevent complications. The collected tissue samples help doctors assess liver conditions and determine the best course of treatment.

3. Laparoscopic Liver Biopsy

A laparoscopic liver biopsy is also a minimally invasive method in which a small incision is made within the abdomen to insert a thin, flexible instrument known as a laparoscope. This tool has a camera that allows doctors to locate the liver and collect tissue samples from different areas for a thorough evaluation.

Unlike open surgery, this method requires only tiny cuts, leading to faster recovery and minimal scarring. Laparoscopic biopsy is particularly useful when doctors need multiple liver samples to assess overall liver health.

4. Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA) Biopsy

Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is a specialized biopsy technique used to extract cells or tissue fragments from specific liver lesions or tumors. Instead of removing a solid tissue sample, a thin needle is used to aspirate (draw out) cells directly from the area of concern.

FNA biopsy is particularly beneficial for differentiating between benign and malignant liver tumors. This precise technique provides essential information for diagnosis and treatment planning without the need for a more invasive biopsy.

Each type of liver biopsy serves a specific purpose in diagnosing and managing liver conditions. The selection of the procedure depends on the patient’s health status, underlying liver issues, and the doctor’s assessment of the most effective and suitable approach.

Preparing for a Liver Biopsy

Before undergoing a liver biopsy, you will have a consultation with your healthcare provider to discuss the procedure in detail. This is an opportunity to ask questions, understand the potential risks and benefits, and clarify any concerns you may have.

Diet and Medication Guidelines:

During your pre-biopsy consultation, provide your doctor with a full list of medications, including prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines that you take frequently, vitamins or herbal supplements. There are medicines that can increase the risk of bleeding, therefore your doctor will ask you to stop consuming them temporarily:

Pain relievers such as aspirin and ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, etc.)
Blood thinners (anticoagulants) like warfarin, Apixaban, Rivoroxaban
Specific dietary supplements that may affect blood clotting

Moreover, you will have to avoid eating or drinking for 6 to 8 hours before the procedure. In some cases, a light breakfast may be allowed, depending on your doctor’s instructions. Proper preparation helps ensure a smoother biopsy process and reduces the risk of complications.

Blood Tests Before the Biopsy

Before the procedure, you will have to go through a blood test to assess your blood’s ability to clot properly. If any clotting issues are detected, your doctor may prescribe medication to minimize the risk of excessive bleeding during the biopsy.

Recovery Planning by the Doctor

If you are given a sedative to help you relax before the biopsy, it’s important to arrange for someone to drive you home afterward. Additionally, having a friend or family member stay with you or check in on you during the first night is recommended. Many healthcare providers advise staying within an hour’s drive of the medical facility on the evening of the procedure as a precaution in case any complications arise.

What to Expect During the Procedure

A liver biopsy is typically performed in a hospital or an outpatient facility, and you will mostly be asked to be present early in the morning for preparation.

Pre-Biopsy Preparations:

The specialist doctor will insert an intravenous (IV) line, usually in your arm, to administer medications if needed during the procedure.
If you are anxious you may be given a mild sedative so that you can stay relaxed and comfortable. Usually sedation is not needed
It is recommended to use the restroom beforehand, as you will need to remain in bed for a few hours after the biopsy for monitoring your health and a speedy recovery.

What to Expect After a Liver Biopsy

Following the procedure, you will go through a brief recovery period with medical supervision. Here’s what to anticipate:

You will be transferred to a recovery area and a nurse will check your blood pressure, heart rate, and Respiratory rate.
You need to rest quietly for 2 to 4 hours, or longer if you underwent a transjugular biopsy.
Mild soreness at the area where biopsy is performed is common and may persist for up to a week.
Since sedative effects take time to wear off, you will need a relative or a friend to take you home.
Avoid lifting heavy objects (over 10 to 15 pounds) for at least a week to prevent strain.
You can return to your normal life, after your doctor’s recommendations.

Understanding Your Liver Biopsy Results

Once the liver tissue sample is collected, it is sent to a laboratory where a pathologist—an expert in diagnosing diseases—examines it for any signs of damage or illness. The detailed biopsy report is typically provided after a few days to a week.

In your follow-up appointment, your doctor will discuss the results with you. If a liver condition is identified, it may be classified by severity, typically as mild, moderate, or severe. Based on the findings, your doctor will discuss potential treatment options or any necessary lifestyle changes to manage your liver health effectively.

If you are looking out for Safe Liver Biopsy in Chennai, You can contact Dr. Hemamala Ilango, Senior Hepatologist and Founder of The Liver World today.